<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Journal of Rangeland</title>
<title_fa>مرتع</title_fa>
<short_title>مرتع</short_title>
<subject>Agriculture</subject>
<web_url>http://rangelandsrm.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2008-0891</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2676-5039</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>fa</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1394</year>
	<month>4</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2015</year>
	<month>7</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>9</volume>
<number>1</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>اثر شخم گراز بر شاخص های تنوع، غنا و تراکم بانک بذر خاک در جوامع علفی مرتعی</title_fa>
	<title>Impact of wild boar (Sus scrofa) disturbances on diversity and richness indices of soil seed bank in the rangeland plant communities</title>
	<subject_fa>تخصصي</subject_fa>
	<subject>Special</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-indent: 19.85pt tab-stops: 135.15pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; 12pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-size:=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;در این تحقیق به&amp;shy;منظور تعیین اثر شخم&amp;shy;زنی گراز بر مقادیر شاخص&amp;shy;های تنوع، غنا و تراکم بانک بذر خاک، پنج جامعه گیاهی شامل&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; mso-bidi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;Festuca ovina-Bromus tmentellus &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 10.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;، &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; mso-bidi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;Bromus tomentellus-Plantago lanceolata&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 10.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;،&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; mso-bidi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;Alyssum minus- Astragalus sp.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 10.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;، &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; mso-bidi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;Trifolium repens&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 10.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;- &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; mso-bidi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;pratensis&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 10.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; mso-bidi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;Poa&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 10.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot;&gt;و &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; mso-bidi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;Asperago procumbens&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 10.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;-&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; mso-bidi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt; foliosum&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 10.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 11.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; mso-bidi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;Chenopodium&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 10.0pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span 12pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; batang=&quot;&quot; font-size:=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; mso-ansi-font-style:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;انتخاب و در هر کدام از جوامع مذکور حداقل یک لکه که فعالیت شخم&amp;shy;زنی گراز در آن مشهود بود، تعیین شد. در هر لکه چهار پلات 1&amp;times;1 متر مربعی و همچنین در مناطق تخریب نشده مجاور هر لکه تعداد چهار پلات مستقر گردید.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;span .=&quot;&quot; 10pt=&quot;&quot; 12pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; face=&quot;B Nazanin&quot; font=&quot;&quot; font-size:=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;FA&quot; mso-ascii-font-family:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; mso-hansi-font-family:=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; normal=&quot;&quot; size=&quot;3&quot; span=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; بیشترین مقدار شاخص منهینگ (28/1)، مارگالف (79/1)، سیمپسون (64/0)، شانون (72/1) و تراکم بانک بذر خاک (25/46) در خارج لکه و کمترین مقدار این شاخص&amp;shy;ها برای شاخص منهنیگ (09/1)، مارگالف (36/1)، سیمپسون (52/0)، شانون(11/1) و تراکم بانک بذر خاک (21/39) در داخل لکه مشاهده شد. همچنین اثر جامعه برای شاخص&amp;shy;های تنوع شانون و سیمپسون، غنای مارگالف و منهینگ و تراکم بانک بذر خاک در سطح یک درصد دارای اختلاف معنی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;span 12pt=&quot;&quot; b=&quot;&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; font-size:=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-family:=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;shy;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-family: &amp;quot; b=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; nazanin&amp;quot;=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; font-size:=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; 12pt=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; mso-ascii-font-family:=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; &amp;quot;times=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; new=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; roman&amp;quot;=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; mso-hansi-font-family:=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; roman&amp;quot;&amp;quot;=&amp;quot;&amp;quot; lang=&amp;quot;FA&amp;quot;&gt;داری بود. &lt;em&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; font-style:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;به&amp;shy;طور کلی گراز سبب کاهش تنوع، غنا و تراکم بانک بذر خاک می&amp;shy;شود.&lt;!--stripped--&gt;&lt;!--stripped--&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-indent: 19.85pt&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;In order to study the impact of wild boar (&lt;i&gt;Sus scrofa&lt;/i&gt;) disturbances on plant diversity and richness of soil seed bank , five plant communities were selected i.e. &lt;i&gt;Festuca ovina&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Bromus tomentellus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Alyssum minus-Astragalus&lt;/i&gt; sp., &lt;i&gt;Poa pratensis&lt;/i&gt;-&lt;i&gt;Trifolium repens&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Chenopodium folisom&lt;/i&gt;. In each plant community, one disturbed site was selected and 4 one square meters plots were established inside each disturbed patch and control patch (no sign of wild boar disturbance).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Heading1Char&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; mso-bidi-font-family:=&quot;&quot; mso-fareast-font-family:=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;Soil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;shorttext&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;samples&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;shorttext&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;were collected&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;shorttext&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;using&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;shorttext&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;auger and transferred to the greenhouse,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;seedlings&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hps&quot;&gt;were identified through seedling emergence method&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;. Then Simpson and Shannon diversity indices and, Margalef and Menhinick richness indices of soil seed bank were calculated using PAST software. GLM and post-hoc tests were used to compare mean values of different diversity and richness indices using SPSS software. The results showed that there were significant differences between soil seed bank density, diversity and richness indices between disturbed and control patches in the all vegetation communities. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Calibri&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span mso-bidi-font-family:=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Maximum value of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; Menhinick (1.28), Margalef (1.79), Simpson (0.64) richness indices, Shannon (1.72) diversity index and density of soil seed bank (46.25) was observed out of patch. In addition, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span mso-bidi-font-family:=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;minimum value of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK6&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; Menhinick (1.09), Margalef (1.36), Simpson (0.52) richness indices, Shannon (1.11) diversity index and density of soil seed bank (39.21) was observed in of patch. Generally, wild boar (sus scrofa) decreased diversity, richness and density of soil seed bank.&lt;!--stripped--&gt;&lt;!--stripped--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>اختلال گراز, بانک بذر خاک, تنوع گونه ای, جوامع مرتعی.</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Soil seed bank, Plant species diversity, Rangeland community, Wild boar disturbance.  </keyword>
	<start_page>55</start_page>
	<end_page>65</end_page>
	<web_url>http://rangelandsrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-22&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Hamid</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Yousefi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>حمید</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>یوسفی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846003136</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846003136</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Tarbiat Modares University</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشگاه تربیت مدرس</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Reza</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Erfanzadeh</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>رضا</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>عرفانزاده</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>Rezaerfanzadeh@modares.ac.ir</email>
	<code>10031947532846003137</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846003137</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Tarbiat Modares University</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشگاه تربیت مدرس</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Omid</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Esmaeilzadeh</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>امید</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>اسماعیل زاده</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846003138</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846003138</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Tarbiat Modares University</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشگاه تربیت مدرس</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
