AU - Haghian, Iman AU - Nejatianpoor, Elnaz TI - Energy efficiency and productivity in traditional rangeland-based husbandry (Case Study: Kiasar Rangelands, Mazandaran Province) PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE TA - rangelandj JN - rangelandj VO - 14 VI - 2 IP - 2 4099 - http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-912-en.html 4100 - http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-912-en.pdf SO - rangelandj 2 ABĀ  - Energy is a necessary part of system sustainability and the system efficiency. Energy efficiency has a very important role in the food production process as considering population growth and resource scarcity. So, the study of energy indicators for production units seems essential. Therefore, this study analyses energy efficiency and productivity in traditional husbandry in the Kiasar rangelands of Mazandaran province in the period 2007-2020. Thus, based on the rangelands condition, types, method of animal husbandry, and livestock breed (Zell breed sheep) have been determined. Three main areas in traditional husbandry were identified and afterward, herders of the region's traditional husbandry were selected. All livestock and herders' activities were monitored and recorded for the estimation of annual energy consumption. The quantity of energy produced and income resources was determined according to the volume of livestock products. The annual income was estimated by filling questionnaires and local verification. Results show that the energy efficiency of selected traditional husbandry is about 33.5% on average. Energy productivity has the same trend in all three regions although in the early years has a down and then an upward trend. As expected, there is a positive and direct relationship between changes in real income and energy efficiency, likewise, the growth rate is completely in line with each other. During the study period, the condition of rangelands was always been considered and livestock activities in rangelands didn't cause environmental destruction. Increasing energy productivity and efficiency in this area could improve the livelihoods of the villagers and take a major step towards sustainable rural development. CP - IRAN IN - Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resorces, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh LG - eng PB - rangelandj PG - 353 PT - Research YR - 2020