fa شناسایی و تعیین پتانسیل گیاهان دارویی، صنعتی و خوراکی مراتع ییلاقی چهارباغ استان گلستان تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عدم&shy; شناخت از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پتانسیل&shy; و توانمندی&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مراتع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">باعث&shy;شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">منابع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تولیدات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حد زیادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مورد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بهره&shy;برداری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گرفته و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سایر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مقوله&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بهره</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">برداری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نظر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نگه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">داشته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شوند</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> مراتع ییلاقی چهارباغ دارای تنوع گونه&shy;ای بالا از گیاهان دارویی می&shy;باشد. با&shy;توجه به اهمیت گیاهان دارویی در شرایط &shy;کنونی، هدف از تحقیق حاضر شناسایی و تعیین پتانسیل گیاهان دارویی، صنعتی و خوراکی مراتع ییلاقی چهارباغ استان گلستان به منظور بهره&shy;برداری پایدار است. نقشه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نهایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پتانسیل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تلفیق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دو</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">معیار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پوشش گیاهی و عوامل محیطی و با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">کمک سیستم &shy;اطلاعات&shy; جغرافیایی با استفاده از دستور</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Overlay</span></span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">(هم&shy;پوشانی) و عامل محدودکننده در هر پلی&shy;گون در سال 1394</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تهیه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شد. نمونه&shy;برداری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تیپ&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">گیاهی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تصادفی-سیستماتیک</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">استقرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ترانسکت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">100</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">متری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اندازه&shy;گیری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حضور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عدم&shy;حضور،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">درصد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تاج</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پوشش،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ترکیب</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تولید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پلات&shy;های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">متناسب با نوع پوشش انجام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شد</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نتایج نشان داد از 184 گونه گیاهی شناسایی</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">&shy;</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده منطقه 86 گونه دارای اثر دارویی، صنعتی و خوراکی بوده و متعلق به 26 تیره گیاهی می&shy;باشند که تیره&shy;های</span></span> <em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Lamiaceae</span></span></span></em><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">،</span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Astraceae</span></span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;و</span></span><em><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Fabaceae</span></span></span></em> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;به‌ترتیب با 22، 19و 10 گونه گیاهی دارای بیشترین فراوانی هستند. همچنین نتایج نهایی مدل پتانسیل نشان داد که 72/2 درصد (02/221 هکتار) دارای پتانسیل &shy;بالا (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">S₁</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)، 7/57 درصد (72/4686 هکتار) دارای پتانسیل &shy;متوسط (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">S</span></span></span>_{<span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">2</span></span>}<span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)، 28/24 درصد (89/1972 هکتار) دارای پتانسیل &shy;ضعیف (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">S</span></span></span>_{<span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">3</span></span>}<span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) و 3/15 درصد (84/1242 هکتار) بدون&shy; پتانسیل (</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">N</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) می&shy;باشد. به&shy;طورکلی شاخص اقتصادی تولید و درصد ترکیب گیاهان دارویی از عوامل افزایش&shy;دهنده&shy; پتانسیل و شیب و کوهستانی&shy;بودن منطقه از عوامل کاهش&shy;دهنده پتانسیل می&shy;باشد. نتایج نشان داد در منطقه می&shy;توان با صدور پروانه بهره&shy;برداری از گیاهان دارویی برای بهره&shy;بردارن دارای پروانه چرا، ضمن کاهش فشار چرای دام؛ به بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی و معیشتی بهره&shy;بردار کمک کرد. </span></span> Due to the lack of sufficient knowledge on other potential and capabilities of rangelands, they are overgrazed to provide livestock feed. This is the ignorance of many aspects of benefites one can make of rangeland&rsquo;s species. Chhar-Bagh summer rangelands have&nbsp;high diversity in terms of medicinal plants.&nbsp;The aim of this therefore, is to study the potential of medicinal, industrial and ediblability of the plants in Chhar-Bagh summer rangelands, Golestan Province. Which will endup with multiple and more sustainable use of the rangelands. Final rangeland&rsquo;s suitability map for 2015, which is the combination of the vegetation and environmental factors, was generated as the result of the study using the overlay function in the Geographic Information System&#39;s environment and by incorporating the limiting factor in each polygon. Samplis were taken from different vegetation types (each as a work-unit) by establishing 3 transect of 100m length based on the Randomized-Systematic method. Alongside of each transect the following factors were considered: species frequency, canopy cover and composition. Production of the medicinal, industrial and edible plants were also recorded in quadrats adjusted to the type of vegetation in the area. The results showed that from 184 plant species identified, 87 species are categorized as medicinal, industrial and/or edible plants. These species belong to 26 families, of which&nbsp;<em>Lamiaceae</em>, <em>Astraceae</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>Fabaceae</em>&nbsp;with 22, 19 and 10 plants species respectively had the highest frequencies. Having three classes of suitabilities, outcome of the suitability model showed that the potential of 2.72 % (221.02 ha) are high (S₁), 57.7 %( 4686.72 ha) are medium (S₂), 24.28 % ( 1972.89 ha) low (S₂) and 15.3% (1242.84 ha) are non suitable lands for usage of medicinal and/or industrial and ediabilities. Generally, Production economic index and percentage of medicinal plant composition are positive factors for the total suitability assessment, while slope gradient and the mountainous nature of the region are among the limiting factors.&nbsp;The results showed that economic benefits of medicinal plants not only mitigates the process of overgrazing but also improves the general economic status of the local peoples.&nbsp;<span dir="RTL"></span> پتانسیل گیاهان دارویی, مراتع ییلاقی, چهارباغ, شاخص اقتصادی تولید, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی. Potential, medicinal plant, summer rangelands, Chhar-Bagh, Production economic index, Geographic Information System 350 367 http://rangelandsrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-287-101&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Reza Yari رضا یاری 100319475328460011011 100319475328460011011 No Department of Range and Watershed Mamnagement, Faculty of Natural Resources and Evnironment, Birjand University, Birjand گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند Gholamali Heshmati غلامعلی حشمتی Yarireza1364@gmail.com 100319475328460011012 100319475328460011012 Yes Department of Range Management, Faculty of Range and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان Hamed Rafiee حامد رفیعی 100319475328460011013 100319475328460011013 No Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics and Agricultural Development, University of Tehran, Karaj گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج