Volume 16, Issue 3 (11-2022)
مرتع 2022, 16(3): 510-523 |
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Miri M, Beheshti Al e Agha A, Aghabeigi Amin S. Comparison of protected rangeland with improved agricultural lands in generation of runoff and sediment (Case Study: The part of the Mereg river watershed, Kermanshah). مرتع 2022; 16 (3) :510-523
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1077-en.html
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1077-en.html
Department of Natural resources, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Razi, Kermanshah
Abstract: (1029 Views)
Background and objectives: The soil of rangelands in mountainous areas has always been considered for changing to agricultural land due to its abundant organic matter. Research shows that land use change can increase soil erosion and generation of runoff. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of land use change in rangeland and the effect of organic matter on reducing sediment production, runoff and soil loss in one of the subbasins of Mereg river.
Material and methods: The present research have conducted in one of the sub-basins of Merg river, five kilometers away of Kermanshah city. This area is one of the main branches of the Karkhe River and one of the most important subbasin of the Qaresou River. The average annual rainfall is 458.59 mm and the average annual temperature is 13.89°C. Investigating the effect of land use change and organic modifiers, i.e. sheep manure and waste compost, on generation of sediment, runoff and carbon loss in both rangeland and agricultural lands were focus on. The expriment was run at erosion plots in dimensions of one in two square meters for two years (1398 and 1399). In the first year, samples were collected from undisturbed erosion plots, but in the second year, two modifiers (sheep manure and municipal waste compost) were added to agricultural plots in the amount of 1.5 kg. The modifiers were added at the end of July and until the first rain of the autumn season, there was enough time for chemical interactions and influence on the soil characteristics. The samples of runoff and sediment loads as well as soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory and the volume of runoff, the amount of suspended sediment, the organic carbon percentage of the sediments and the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil were measured.
Results: The texture of the soil in both land use were the same (clay loam). But in terms of the amount of organic carbon, the two land uses have a significant difference (at 95 percent level). The amont if this parameter is more than twice higher in the rangeland than agricultural use. Based on the results in the first year of sampling, the values of runoff volume, sediment weight, carbon loss during five rainfall events in agricultural were 83, 90 and 87% higher than rangeland. In the second year of sampling, plots located on agricultural lands were treated with soil conditioners and their impact was investigated. Although the use of soil conditioners reduced runoff by 20% and reduced the amount and concentration of sediment in agricultural lands about 31.68 and 13.13%, but the amount of these parameters is still 67, 95, and 72% lower in rangeland use, respectively. The results also showed a 71% higher organic carbon loss in agricultural land use than rangeland. The results of this research showed that application of modifiers were successful in reducing soil and water loss, and sheep manure treatment worked better than compost in controlling runoff and sediment.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this research showed that soil amendments operation were able to reduce water and soil loss and sheep manure treatment worked better than compost in controlling runoff and sediment. But none of them have been able to reduce the effect of tillage destruction. The results suggests that protecting the rangeland vegetation is an effecting tool in reducing soil degradation and water wastage.
Material and methods: The present research have conducted in one of the sub-basins of Merg river, five kilometers away of Kermanshah city. This area is one of the main branches of the Karkhe River and one of the most important subbasin of the Qaresou River. The average annual rainfall is 458.59 mm and the average annual temperature is 13.89°C. Investigating the effect of land use change and organic modifiers, i.e. sheep manure and waste compost, on generation of sediment, runoff and carbon loss in both rangeland and agricultural lands were focus on. The expriment was run at erosion plots in dimensions of one in two square meters for two years (1398 and 1399). In the first year, samples were collected from undisturbed erosion plots, but in the second year, two modifiers (sheep manure and municipal waste compost) were added to agricultural plots in the amount of 1.5 kg. The modifiers were added at the end of July and until the first rain of the autumn season, there was enough time for chemical interactions and influence on the soil characteristics. The samples of runoff and sediment loads as well as soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory and the volume of runoff, the amount of suspended sediment, the organic carbon percentage of the sediments and the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil were measured.
Results: The texture of the soil in both land use were the same (clay loam). But in terms of the amount of organic carbon, the two land uses have a significant difference (at 95 percent level). The amont if this parameter is more than twice higher in the rangeland than agricultural use. Based on the results in the first year of sampling, the values of runoff volume, sediment weight, carbon loss during five rainfall events in agricultural were 83, 90 and 87% higher than rangeland. In the second year of sampling, plots located on agricultural lands were treated with soil conditioners and their impact was investigated. Although the use of soil conditioners reduced runoff by 20% and reduced the amount and concentration of sediment in agricultural lands about 31.68 and 13.13%, but the amount of these parameters is still 67, 95, and 72% lower in rangeland use, respectively. The results also showed a 71% higher organic carbon loss in agricultural land use than rangeland. The results of this research showed that application of modifiers were successful in reducing soil and water loss, and sheep manure treatment worked better than compost in controlling runoff and sediment.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this research showed that soil amendments operation were able to reduce water and soil loss and sheep manure treatment worked better than compost in controlling runoff and sediment. But none of them have been able to reduce the effect of tillage destruction. The results suggests that protecting the rangeland vegetation is an effecting tool in reducing soil degradation and water wastage.
Keywords: Erosion and sediment, hydrological variables, land use change, municipal waste compost, sheep manure, soil amendment.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2021/11/23 | Accepted: 2022/08/29 | Published: 2022/11/1
Received: 2021/11/23 | Accepted: 2022/08/29 | Published: 2022/11/1
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