Journal of Rangeland

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Smyrnium cordifolium is an aromatic and endemic plant species belonged to Apiaceae family. This study aimed to compare the essential oil composition of S. cordifolium in different natural habitats in Gorgo, Mahmudabad, and Darshahi in Boyer Ahmad County. The species were collected, dried and their essence was extracted using the distillation method (Clevenger apparatus). GC-FID and GC/MS devices were used to separate and detect the chemical components of samples. According to the results, the essential oil contents of various habitats varied significantly. The average yield of essential oil from Gorgo, Mahmudabad, and Darshahi were measured as 0.25%, 0.17% and 0.22%, based on the dry weight of the plant (weight/weight), respectively. The chemical compounds of essential oil of the species include curzerene (45/7 %), menthofuran (29/8 %), Elemene (29/1 %), aromadendrene (20/6 %),  Cedrene (16/9 %) and germacrene- D (16/5 %). Results indicated that curozurene is the most common identified components in the essential oil of the species. Alpha-sodium in the Gorgo habitat was the least and common components in the habitats. According to the findings of this study, the quantity and quality of essential oil extracts of S. cordifolium are different in various habitats and are influenced by environmental factors.

Keywords: Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss., Essential oils, different habitats, Germacrene D, Curzerene.

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