fa ایجاد مدل کالیبراسیون طیف سنج مادون قرمز نزدیک انعکاسی(NIRS) به‌منظور برآورد کیفیت علوفه‌ گونه‌های علفی (فورب) تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-indent: 19.85pt"><span 10pt="" 12pt="" b="" dir="rtl" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" new="" span="" style="font-family: " times="">) در تعیین شاخص&shy;های کیفیت علوفه از 1970 گزارش شده است.</span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times=""> </span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" new="" span="" style="font-family: " times="">روش</span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times=""> </span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" new="" span="" style="font-family: " times="">بر</span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times=""> </span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" new="" span="" style="font-family: " times="">سرعت</span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times=""> </span><span .="" 10pt="" 12pt="" b="" dir="rtl" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" new="" span="" style="font-family: " times=""> برای گونه&shy;های علفی (فورب) است. برای این منظور </span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">در مجموع، 641 نمونه از مراحل رشد رویشی، گل&shy;دهی و بذر&shy;دهی به‌منظور برآورد پنج شاخص ازت (</span><span 10pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">N</span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">)، پروتئین خام (</span><span 10pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">CP</span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (</span><span 10pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">ADF</span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">)، ماده خشک قابل هضم (</span><span 10pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">DMD</span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">) و انرژی متابولیسمی (</span><span 10pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">ME</span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">) از طریق </span><span 10pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">NIRS</span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">، توسط دستگاه </span><span 10pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">DA7200 Perten</span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">، پرتوتابی شد. داده&shy;های حاصل از پرتوتابی برای آنالیز چند متغیره، به نرم&shy;افزار </span><span b="" dir="ltr" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: " timesnewromanpsmt="">Unscrambler</span><span 12pt="" b="" font-size:="" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: " timesnewromanpsmt=""> </span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">منتقل شد. قبل از برازش مدل، برای یکنواخت و نرمال&shy;سازی پراکنش داده&shy;ها از روش</span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times=""> </span><span b="" dir="ltr" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: " timesnewromanpsmt="">S.Golay</span><span b="" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "><font face="Calibri">&nbsp;</font></span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">و</span><span b="" dir="ltr" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: " timesnewromanpsmt="">SNV</span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: "> استفاده شد. ایجاد مدل کالیبراسیون با روش</span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="ltr" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times=""> </span><span b="" dir="ltr" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: " timesnewromanpsmt="">PLS1</span><span 12pt="" b="" dir="rtl" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" new="" span="" style="font-family: " times="">&nbsp;</span><span b="" dir="ltr" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT font-size: 10pt mso-bidi-font-family: " timesnewromanpsmt="">CrossValidation</span><span .="" 10pt="" 12pt="" b="" dir="rtl" face="B Nazanin" font="" font-size:="" lang="FA" mso-ascii-font-family:="" mso-hansi-font-family:="" new="" size="3" span="" style="font-family: " times="" timesnewromanpsmt=""> </span><span b="" font-size:="" lang="FA" style="font-family: ">اعتبارسنجی) برای برخی شاخص&shy;های مورد بررسی در مراحل مختلف رشد، اندکی پایین&shy;تر از حد کافی برای اهداف تحلیلی است. <b><!--stripped--><!--stripped--></b></span></p> <p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p> <p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt text-align: justify line-height: normal text-indent: 19.85pt"><font size="3"><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">There are various methods to measure forage quality but these methods require labor and are expensive and time consuming. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to predict forage quality since 1970. This method<font face="Times New Roman"><span style="color: red">&nbsp;</span>is a reliable and fast method for measuring forage quality but it requires appropriate<span style="color: red">&nbsp;</span></font>calibration instruments with adequate samples. The aim of this study was to develop optimal NIRS calibrations for predicting forage quality of forb species. In order to predict N, CP, ADF, DMD and ME content of forb species through NIRS, a total of 641 samples </span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">from three phenological stages</span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">&nbsp;</span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">(vegetative, flowering and seeding) </span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">were scanned by </span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">DA7200 Perten instrument.</span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: "> Spectral data was exported into the Unscrambler software to conduct multivariate analysis. T</span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="font-family: " times="">he </span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" style="font-family: ">spectral data</span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="font-family: " times=""> was smoothed and normalized by S.Golay and SNV methods respectively. Calibration models were developed through PLS1 method and then evaluated based on </span></font><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" new="" style="font-family: " times=""><font size="3">R</font>^{<font size="2">2</font>}<font size="3">, RMSECV and RPD values. According to the results, t</font></span><span b="" mso-bidi-font-family:="" mso-bidi-language:="" new="" style="font-family: " times=""><font size="3">he nitrogen and CP contents of forb species can be measured more appropriately than other forage quality indicators. This study indicated that the forage quality of forbs species can be determined by NIRS method, however the accuracy values (PRD values of validation) obtained from this technique in some cases were less than the optimum thresholds.<!--stripped--><!--stripped--></font></span></p> <p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p> کیفیت علوفه, روش آزمایشگاهی, طیف سنجی, گونه‌های علفی. Forage quality, Laboratory methods, Spectrometry, Herbaceous species. 1 13 http://rangelandsrm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-18&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hossein Arzani حسین ارزانی 10031947532846003118 10031947532846003118 No University of tehran دانشگاه تهران Mahdokht Allahmoradi مهدخت اله مرادی mallahmoradi@ut.ac.ir 10031947532846003119 10031947532846003119 Yes University of tehran دانشگاه تهران Javad Motamedi جواد معتمدی 10031947532846003120 10031947532846003120 No Urmia University دانشگاه ارومیه مجید آخشی 10031947532846003121 10031947532846003121 No University of tehran دانشگاه تهران