Volume 18, Issue 3 (1-2025)
مرتع 2025, 18(3): 355-371 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Sadeghimanesh M, Jafarian Jeloudar Z, Ghorbani J, Azimi R. The effect of environmental factors on the quantity and quality of the essential oil (Thymus lancifolius Celak) in Hamadan province.. مرتع 2025; 18 (3) :355-371
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1195-en.html
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1195-en.html
Department of Range Management, Faculty of Range and Watershed Management, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari
Abstract: (501 Views)
Background and objectives: Thymus lancifolius Celak is distributed in Hamedan Province, ranging from altitudes of 1450 to 3200 meters. This study aims to evaluate different ecotypes to identify those with the highest essential oil content and to determine the relationship between soil and climatic characteristics and the quantity and quality of essential oil for domestication purposes.
Methodology: Thymus lancifolius Celak variety in Hamedan province has five important habitats that are scattered in different regions of the province, which include Bahar, Razan, Tuyserkan, Hamedan and Malayra city. In this study, the branchs of the Thymus lancifolius was collected at the 50% flowering stage from its regions. Essential oil of plant samples extracted which collected from each region. After determining the essential oil yield, essential oil components and their amounts were determined by GC and GC / MS devices. The relationship between climatic and soil characteristics of the studied areas with the amount of essential oil and its components was investigated. From each habitat, 5 soil samples were collected from a depth of 30 cm and a total of 15 samples from five habitats were collected. Soil characteristics include soil texture by hydrometric method, soil moisture by weight method, acidity by saturated mud method, electrical conductivity by extraction method and EC meter, percentage of organic matter, lime, absorbable phosphorus by using spectrophotometer, potassium by using from the film photometer device and total soil analysis using the Kjeldal method were measured. The available climatic parameters including rainfall and temperature of different habitats in the statistical period of 2009 to 2020 were obtained from the nearest weather stations.
Results: The comparison of the soil properties of the studied habitats showed that in the areas where the amount of soil lime was higher, the plants had a higher percentage of essential oil. The results showed that the essential oil content of the studied samples ranged from 1.91% to 3.85%. The highest percentage of essential oil was observed in Asadabad ecotype and the lowest percentage of essential oil was obtained in Malayer ecotype. The highest amount of Thymol was observed in Hamedan ecotype (71.43%) and the lowest amount was observed in Razan ecotype (7.04%), while the highest amount of Carvacrol was observed in Malayer ecotype (23.52%) and the lowest amount was found in Razan ecotype (0.36%) was observed. The highest amount of Geraniol (53.15%) and linalool (7.04%) was observed in the resin ecotype, which is due to the optimal environmental conditions of this habitat due to its location in the Mediterranean climate. The results of the correlation between the percentage of essential oil with climatic characteristics showed that the percentage of essential oil of ecotypes had a positive and significant relationship with the average annual humidity and a positive relationship with the amount of rainfall, the temperature of the first six months of the year and the direction of the slope and a negative relationship with the altitude.
Conclusion: The largest thyme habitats were in areas with moderate to high slopes and northern and northwestern aspects. These correlations are useful for determining secondary cultivation environments. Identified chemotypes for cultivation include Thymol in Hamedan, Carvacrol in Malayer, Thymol/γ-terpinene in Asadabad, and Geraniol in Razan. These can be used in pharmaceutical and health industries while ensuring sustainable protection.
Methodology: Thymus lancifolius Celak variety in Hamedan province has five important habitats that are scattered in different regions of the province, which include Bahar, Razan, Tuyserkan, Hamedan and Malayra city. In this study, the branchs of the Thymus lancifolius was collected at the 50% flowering stage from its regions. Essential oil of plant samples extracted which collected from each region. After determining the essential oil yield, essential oil components and their amounts were determined by GC and GC / MS devices. The relationship between climatic and soil characteristics of the studied areas with the amount of essential oil and its components was investigated. From each habitat, 5 soil samples were collected from a depth of 30 cm and a total of 15 samples from five habitats were collected. Soil characteristics include soil texture by hydrometric method, soil moisture by weight method, acidity by saturated mud method, electrical conductivity by extraction method and EC meter, percentage of organic matter, lime, absorbable phosphorus by using spectrophotometer, potassium by using from the film photometer device and total soil analysis using the Kjeldal method were measured. The available climatic parameters including rainfall and temperature of different habitats in the statistical period of 2009 to 2020 were obtained from the nearest weather stations.
Results: The comparison of the soil properties of the studied habitats showed that in the areas where the amount of soil lime was higher, the plants had a higher percentage of essential oil. The results showed that the essential oil content of the studied samples ranged from 1.91% to 3.85%. The highest percentage of essential oil was observed in Asadabad ecotype and the lowest percentage of essential oil was obtained in Malayer ecotype. The highest amount of Thymol was observed in Hamedan ecotype (71.43%) and the lowest amount was observed in Razan ecotype (7.04%), while the highest amount of Carvacrol was observed in Malayer ecotype (23.52%) and the lowest amount was found in Razan ecotype (0.36%) was observed. The highest amount of Geraniol (53.15%) and linalool (7.04%) was observed in the resin ecotype, which is due to the optimal environmental conditions of this habitat due to its location in the Mediterranean climate. The results of the correlation between the percentage of essential oil with climatic characteristics showed that the percentage of essential oil of ecotypes had a positive and significant relationship with the average annual humidity and a positive relationship with the amount of rainfall, the temperature of the first six months of the year and the direction of the slope and a negative relationship with the altitude.
Conclusion: The largest thyme habitats were in areas with moderate to high slopes and northern and northwestern aspects. These correlations are useful for determining secondary cultivation environments. Identified chemotypes for cultivation include Thymol in Hamedan, Carvacrol in Malayer, Thymol/γ-terpinene in Asadabad, and Geraniol in Razan. These can be used in pharmaceutical and health industries while ensuring sustainable protection.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/04/21 | Accepted: 2024/09/14 | Published: 2025/01/29
Received: 2023/04/21 | Accepted: 2024/09/14 | Published: 2025/01/29
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
