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Sadeghi S H, Kalehoee M, Bahlakeh M, Noor A, Payfeshordeh A, Havassi M, et al . A Biological Management Model for Controlling Soil Erosion in Rangelands of the Kojour Watershed, Mazandaran Province, Iran. مرتع 2024; 18 (1) :23-41
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1203-en.html
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1203-en.html
Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 
, Mahin Kalehoee , Majan Bahlakeh , Ali Noor , Arasteh Payfeshordeh , Masumeh Havassi , Nastaran Naderi Maranglou , Mehdi Kheirparsat
, Mahin Kalehoee , Majan Bahlakeh , Ali Noor , Arasteh Payfeshordeh , Masumeh Havassi , Nastaran Naderi Maranglou , Mehdi Kheirparsat
Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor
Abstract: (360 Views)
Background and objectives: Soil erosion and sediment yield in the watershed lead to environmental issues. Therefore, knowledge of the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of soil erosion is a proper strategy for planning and prioritize solutions for implementing soil conservation measures at watershed scale. Since biological methods are based on the prevailing conditions of ecosystems, soil erosion can be controlled in the initial stages. However, the biological management of soil erosion has yet to be accepted due to the lack of a suitable implementation model by executive operations. The current research aimed to inhibit soil erosion using biological management in the rangeland areas of the Kojour Watershed located in Mazandaran Province, Iran, due to the predominance of manageable distributed erosion.
Methodology: For this purpose, the primary layers of elevation above mean sea level, slope, and geology were determined for the Kojour Watershed, and appropriate work units were accordingly delineated. Then, the soil erosion status was assessed on the basis of the scoring table of the seven factors of the BLM model. The study was confined to the rangeland areas based on field surveys, interpretation of satellite images, and expert opinions. In the next step, the leaf area index (LAI) map was prepared to compare field measurements and remote sensing information. Then, Ambrothermic and hytergraph charts were developed, and the corresponding Bio-Climatological map was prepared for the study watershed. Ultimately, suitable species were selected from the phytosociological list considering an appropriate combination strategy of Competitor (C), Stress-tolerators (S) and Ruderals (R), and species.
Results: First, 15 land units were delineated for the entire Kojour Watershed, out of which six rangeland-dominant sub-watersheds were selected to designate the biological management measures for soil erosion control. The BLM table was employed for the rangeland work units showing that three of the six rangeland sub-watersheds were classified as low erosion. The remaining three sub-watersheds also had moderate erosion status. In addition, the general condition of soil erosion in the rangeland areas of the study watershed, with a score of 37.16, is classified as low status. Also, examining erosion maps and the obtained indices indicated a high agreement between field measurements and remote sensing data. According to the Ambrothermic chart, June to September were dry, and August was the driest month of the year in the study area. It also used the scope of significant environmental changes and more uniform regional changes. In this regard, the distribution of the area in the four Bio-Climatological classes of the Kojour Watershed is the same, and it is considered according to the planning and erosion management classes. In the following, the species were selected according to the combined CSR strategy, including Stachys inflata benth, Bromus tomentellus, Artemisia siberi, Trifolium pratense, and Festuca arundinacea with a broad presence in the region.
Conclusion: The present study was conducted to present a biological management model of the rangeland areas for the Kojour Watershed. The results indicated that soil erosion can be efficiently controlled through biological management methods in 40% of the rangeland areas. It is worth mentioning that it uses a model of biological management of erosion, which requires integrated and comprehensive investigations that consider different parts of the ecosystem.
Methodology: For this purpose, the primary layers of elevation above mean sea level, slope, and geology were determined for the Kojour Watershed, and appropriate work units were accordingly delineated. Then, the soil erosion status was assessed on the basis of the scoring table of the seven factors of the BLM model. The study was confined to the rangeland areas based on field surveys, interpretation of satellite images, and expert opinions. In the next step, the leaf area index (LAI) map was prepared to compare field measurements and remote sensing information. Then, Ambrothermic and hytergraph charts were developed, and the corresponding Bio-Climatological map was prepared for the study watershed. Ultimately, suitable species were selected from the phytosociological list considering an appropriate combination strategy of Competitor (C), Stress-tolerators (S) and Ruderals (R), and species.
Results: First, 15 land units were delineated for the entire Kojour Watershed, out of which six rangeland-dominant sub-watersheds were selected to designate the biological management measures for soil erosion control. The BLM table was employed for the rangeland work units showing that three of the six rangeland sub-watersheds were classified as low erosion. The remaining three sub-watersheds also had moderate erosion status. In addition, the general condition of soil erosion in the rangeland areas of the study watershed, with a score of 37.16, is classified as low status. Also, examining erosion maps and the obtained indices indicated a high agreement between field measurements and remote sensing data. According to the Ambrothermic chart, June to September were dry, and August was the driest month of the year in the study area. It also used the scope of significant environmental changes and more uniform regional changes. In this regard, the distribution of the area in the four Bio-Climatological classes of the Kojour Watershed is the same, and it is considered according to the planning and erosion management classes. In the following, the species were selected according to the combined CSR strategy, including Stachys inflata benth, Bromus tomentellus, Artemisia siberi, Trifolium pratense, and Festuca arundinacea with a broad presence in the region.
Conclusion: The present study was conducted to present a biological management model of the rangeland areas for the Kojour Watershed. The results indicated that soil erosion can be efficiently controlled through biological management methods in 40% of the rangeland areas. It is worth mentioning that it uses a model of biological management of erosion, which requires integrated and comprehensive investigations that consider different parts of the ecosystem.
Keywords: Bio-Climatological Zoning, Soil and Water Conservation, Vegetation Management, Soil Erosion Management.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/06/11 | Accepted: 2023/11/4 | Published: 2024/07/31
Received: 2023/06/11 | Accepted: 2023/11/4 | Published: 2024/07/31
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