Volume 19, Issue 2 (7-2025)
مرتع 2025, 19(2): 171-185 |
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The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the production of different vegetative forms of rangeland plants in the semi-steppe region of Kurdistan Province. مرتع 2025; 19 (2) :171-185
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1284-en.html
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1284-en.html
Abstract: (384 Views)
Background and objectives: Fertilizing rangelands is one of the methods that can have a short-term and severe effect on the amount of plant production and composition by increasing soil nutrients in appropriate conditions. In fact, fertilization is the most practical and effective method to increase dry matter production in rangelands. The present research was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the annual production of different vegetative forms in Saral and Majidabad regions of Kurdistan province.
Methodology: in the representative area of the rangeland in each of the two studied sites, and based on the level of the soil or the existing homogeneous area, for each treatment, plots of 5 x 5 meters at a distance of 5-10 meters (three repetitions per year) from the years 2013 to 2016 were randomly-systematically plotted. A simple experiment was conducted in the first two years and a factorial experiment was conducted in the third year. Nitrogen was applied at 4 levels of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha in the spring of 2014, 2015 and 2016. For phosphorus fertilizer, in addition to at least three control plots per year, two levels of 50 and 100 kg per hectare were used in the fall of 2013, 2014, 2015. Every year, different attributes related to the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the soil were measured. Canopy cover and production was measured separately for each plant species, separated into grass, forb, shrub and annuals, and statistical analysis for these species was done in the form of combined analysis based on completely random unbalanced design and comparison of averages was done by Duncan's multi-range test method.
Results: The results showed that none of the sources of change in terms of nitrogen concentration made a significant difference, but for phosphorus, the effect of year, year×repetition and Year×treatment was significant. In factorial treatments, soil phosphorus concentration had no significant effect, but soil nitrogen concentration was significant at 5% level. The results of composite analysis of every three years in simple fertilization at Majidabad site showed that except for the factor of year in terms of soil nitrogen concentration and except for the factor of year×frequency, the other sources of change in terms of soil phosphorus concentration did not create a significant difference at the level of 5% in fertilization. factorially, these treatments did not create a significant difference in soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. Among the characteristics of the production of different vegetative forms, simple fertilization treatments had a significant effect only on the production of annual species. The rest of the traits were not significantly affected by the fertilization treatments. In factorial fertilization, these treatments had a significant effect only on the production of grass and broadleaf+grass. At Majidabad site, simple fertilization treatments at the level of 5% had a significant effect on the production of annuals and grass species. In these two types of production, the year was also significant. The rest of the traits were not significantly affected by fertilization treatments. In different treatments of factorial fertilization, the production of annuals and grass was significant, but they had no significant effect on other vegetative forms.
Conclusion: Nitrogen fertilizer treatments often, unfavorably, caused an increase in annual plants and phosphorus treatments in some cases caused a decrease in the production of grass family plants. However, according to the results of this study, it is suggested it is possible to prevent the application of fertilizers in the usual way in the rangelands of the province and similar areas in terms of bioclimatic conditions. It is recommended to study fertilization in reclamation practices along with seed or seedling cultivation, so that fertilizer is available to the plant roots.
Methodology: in the representative area of the rangeland in each of the two studied sites, and based on the level of the soil or the existing homogeneous area, for each treatment, plots of 5 x 5 meters at a distance of 5-10 meters (three repetitions per year) from the years 2013 to 2016 were randomly-systematically plotted. A simple experiment was conducted in the first two years and a factorial experiment was conducted in the third year. Nitrogen was applied at 4 levels of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha in the spring of 2014, 2015 and 2016. For phosphorus fertilizer, in addition to at least three control plots per year, two levels of 50 and 100 kg per hectare were used in the fall of 2013, 2014, 2015. Every year, different attributes related to the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the soil were measured. Canopy cover and production was measured separately for each plant species, separated into grass, forb, shrub and annuals, and statistical analysis for these species was done in the form of combined analysis based on completely random unbalanced design and comparison of averages was done by Duncan's multi-range test method.
Results: The results showed that none of the sources of change in terms of nitrogen concentration made a significant difference, but for phosphorus, the effect of year, year×repetition and Year×treatment was significant. In factorial treatments, soil phosphorus concentration had no significant effect, but soil nitrogen concentration was significant at 5% level. The results of composite analysis of every three years in simple fertilization at Majidabad site showed that except for the factor of year in terms of soil nitrogen concentration and except for the factor of year×frequency, the other sources of change in terms of soil phosphorus concentration did not create a significant difference at the level of 5% in fertilization. factorially, these treatments did not create a significant difference in soil nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. Among the characteristics of the production of different vegetative forms, simple fertilization treatments had a significant effect only on the production of annual species. The rest of the traits were not significantly affected by the fertilization treatments. In factorial fertilization, these treatments had a significant effect only on the production of grass and broadleaf+grass. At Majidabad site, simple fertilization treatments at the level of 5% had a significant effect on the production of annuals and grass species. In these two types of production, the year was also significant. The rest of the traits were not significantly affected by fertilization treatments. In different treatments of factorial fertilization, the production of annuals and grass was significant, but they had no significant effect on other vegetative forms.
Conclusion: Nitrogen fertilizer treatments often, unfavorably, caused an increase in annual plants and phosphorus treatments in some cases caused a decrease in the production of grass family plants. However, according to the results of this study, it is suggested it is possible to prevent the application of fertilizers in the usual way in the rangelands of the province and similar areas in terms of bioclimatic conditions. It is recommended to study fertilization in reclamation practices along with seed or seedling cultivation, so that fertilizer is available to the plant roots.
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2024/08/29 | Accepted: 2025/06/28 | Published: 2025/07/1
Received: 2024/08/29 | Accepted: 2025/06/28 | Published: 2025/07/1
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