Volume 18, Issue 1 (7-2024)
مرتع 2024, 18(1): 57-71 |
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Pourrezaei J, Urani H, Yusefi Khanghah S. Ecological and Phytosociological Characteristics of Daffodil (Narcissus tazetta L.) in Natural Habitats of Behbahan. مرتع 2024; 18 (1) :57-71
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1212-en.html
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1212-en.html
Department of Rangeland and watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbehan
Abstract: (388 Views)
Background and objectives: Behbahan, located in southeastern Khuzestan, is a significant daffodil habitat in Iran, hosting five of its six identified phenotypes. While daffodils were once abundant in the plains and rangelands of Behbahan, their natural habitats have significantly declined. To contribute to the preservation, cultivation, and rehabilitation of these degraded habitats, this study investigates the ecological and phytosociological characteristics of Narcissus tazetta in its natural environment.
Methodology: The study area, a natural and inaccessible daffodil habitat, is situated near Maroon Dam (50° 5´ 41'' to 50° 5' 50ʺ East Longitude, 30° 44' 3ʺ to 30° 44' 6ʺ North Latitude). The region has a warm, semi-arid climate with an average annual rainfall of 318.3 mm and an average annual temperature of 24.8°C. Vegetation sampling was conducted using a random method with 4 m² quadrats in a 14,000 square meter area. Soil samples were collected within vegetation quadrats to a depth of plant roots. Physical and chemical properties, including texture, acidity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and electrical conductivity, were analyzed. Classification and ordination techniques were employed to identify plant communities and analyze the relationship between vegetation and environmental variables. Two-way cluster analysis was used for community classification, while canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to examine the relationship between plant communities and environmental factors.
Results: A total of 48 species from 25 plant genera were identified in the study habitat. Asteraceae and Poaceae were the most diverse families. Annual and perennial herbaceous species dominated, with 28 and 16 species, respectively. The soil in the habitat had an average electrical conductivity of 1.24 ds/m, acidity of 7.72, organic carbon of 4.96%, nitrogen of 0.35%, phosphorus of 5.36 mg/kg, potassium of 1.490 mg/kg, silt of 65%, sand of 24.3%, and clay of 10.3%. Two-way cluster analysis revealed two major communities: almond (Amygdalus scoparia) and pistachio (Pistacia atlantica), at a similarity level below 25%. These communities included smaller communities such as Narcissus tazetta, Teucrium polium, Hypparhenis hirta, and Convolvulus leicalycinusboiss. CCA results indicated that the pistachio community had a positive correlation with clay, organic matter, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, while the almond community, along with its smaller communities, had a positive correlation with sand, silt, and acidity.
Conclusion: Narcissus tazetta grows in association with the almond community (Amygdalus scoparia) in limited areas of the Zagros Mountains. Suitable habitats for this species include sunny slopes with slight inclines, relatively alkaline, non-saline light soils rich in nitrogen and organic matter. The plant's rooting depth ranges from 12 to 16 cm, and it can thrive in crevices of bare rocks. Considering its geographical origin and ecological characteristics, the mountainous areas of the Irano-Turanian region in Zagros are considered the secondary habitat of Narcissus tazetta.
Methodology: The study area, a natural and inaccessible daffodil habitat, is situated near Maroon Dam (50° 5´ 41'' to 50° 5' 50ʺ East Longitude, 30° 44' 3ʺ to 30° 44' 6ʺ North Latitude). The region has a warm, semi-arid climate with an average annual rainfall of 318.3 mm and an average annual temperature of 24.8°C. Vegetation sampling was conducted using a random method with 4 m² quadrats in a 14,000 square meter area. Soil samples were collected within vegetation quadrats to a depth of plant roots. Physical and chemical properties, including texture, acidity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and electrical conductivity, were analyzed. Classification and ordination techniques were employed to identify plant communities and analyze the relationship between vegetation and environmental variables. Two-way cluster analysis was used for community classification, while canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to examine the relationship between plant communities and environmental factors.
Results: A total of 48 species from 25 plant genera were identified in the study habitat. Asteraceae and Poaceae were the most diverse families. Annual and perennial herbaceous species dominated, with 28 and 16 species, respectively. The soil in the habitat had an average electrical conductivity of 1.24 ds/m, acidity of 7.72, organic carbon of 4.96%, nitrogen of 0.35%, phosphorus of 5.36 mg/kg, potassium of 1.490 mg/kg, silt of 65%, sand of 24.3%, and clay of 10.3%. Two-way cluster analysis revealed two major communities: almond (Amygdalus scoparia) and pistachio (Pistacia atlantica), at a similarity level below 25%. These communities included smaller communities such as Narcissus tazetta, Teucrium polium, Hypparhenis hirta, and Convolvulus leicalycinusboiss. CCA results indicated that the pistachio community had a positive correlation with clay, organic matter, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, while the almond community, along with its smaller communities, had a positive correlation with sand, silt, and acidity.
Conclusion: Narcissus tazetta grows in association with the almond community (Amygdalus scoparia) in limited areas of the Zagros Mountains. Suitable habitats for this species include sunny slopes with slight inclines, relatively alkaline, non-saline light soils rich in nitrogen and organic matter. The plant's rooting depth ranges from 12 to 16 cm, and it can thrive in crevices of bare rocks. Considering its geographical origin and ecological characteristics, the mountainous areas of the Irano-Turanian region in Zagros are considered the secondary habitat of Narcissus tazetta.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2023/07/21 | Accepted: 2023/10/16 | Published: 2024/07/31
Received: 2023/07/21 | Accepted: 2023/10/16 | Published: 2024/07/31
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