Corresponding author; Professor, Department of Arid and Mountains Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. E-mail: harzani@ut.ac.ir
Abstract: (788 Views)
Background and objectives: Over the past decades, the continuous utilization of rangeland regardless of their ecological potential has led to the destruction of these resources. This led the rangeland community to put the use of other rangeland capabilities on their agenda by providing scientific solutions. In a country like Iran, where the exploitation population is large, efforts should be made to ensure that exploitation is not limited to livestock and that economic units are implemented on a smaller scale, taking into account the sub-uses of rangelands; Therefore, it seems necessary to evaluate rangeland lands and determine their potential for multi-purpose uses for sustainable rangeland management. Identify the types of possible uses of the rangelands of the region and how to combine them, prioritize the types of possible uses from the ecological and economic point of view, plan to use all the potentials, services and capabilities of the rangelands (in order to create work and increase income). Per capita users such as the use of medicinal plants, the use of nectar-producing plants, livestock grazing and forage production are the objectives of the present study.
Methodology: This study was conducted in Lark rangeland (part of Azadbar district) in Asara section of Karaj city in 2019. Azadbar rangelands are located in the northernmost part of Alborz province, 85 km from Karaj city. After determining the plant types, sampling was performed by sampling units (plot) by random-systematic method. In each vegetation type, according to the vegetation of the area, four transects 100 meters perpendicular to each other (two transects parallel to the slope direction and two transects perpendicular to the slope direction) and 10 plots of one square meter were used along each transect. The basis of this research was based on evaluating and identifying the characteristics and potential of plant types. Therefore, in this study, first the plants of the region and their application were identified using valid flora, then the types of use of plants were identified. First, according to the FAO method (1991) and also with the instructions provided to determine the suitability of multi-purpose use (Arzani et al., 2008), the suitability of plant species for grazing, use of medicinal plants and beekeeping and using information systems Necessary maps were prepared at the appropriate geographical scale. Then, through the result of market valuation, the income of each type of use was determined; After determining the suitability of the plant types and taking into account the grazing capacity of the lark rangeland and also interviewing the grazer, first the income from the sale of sheep and dairy products and then the costs related to the maintenance of livestock including the cost of medicine and vaccines, manual fodder and The shepherd was estimated and finally the net profit from livestock grazing was calculated. The annual production of honey and the production of medicinal plants in the studied rangeland, the average annual production of honey and medicinal plants at the level of the region was calculated, and then based on the ratio of bee reliance on the rangeland cover, which was estimated in interviews with the beekeepers of the region and based on their experiences, the amount Honey production was estimated at the level of rangeland in the region. Next, the amount of production of plants with medicinal value based on each type of rangeland in the region was calculated based on the area of each type and its degree of competence.
Results: The final results of the sheep grazing model showed that 86.58% of the rangeland of the studied area are in the S2 class (medium suitability) and 6.5% are in the S3 class (low suitability). The results and merit classes of the types in the beekeeping model show that 14.17% of the total rangeland in the region are in the S1 class (high suitability) and 78.91% are in the S2 class. The results of determining the medicinal plants' suitability indicate that 55.25% of the total rangeland in the region were in the S2 class and 37.83% were in the S3 class. The result of the market valuation of each type of use showed that the income from livestock grazing in the Lark rangeland is 2,300,000,000 Rials, which includes the income from beekeeping (260,000,000 Rials) and medicinal plants (202,000,000 Rials) in compliance with the principles of proper exploitation in A total of 462,000,000 rials can be added to this figure
Conclusion: Reducing the percentage of vegetation composition of medicinal and pollen plants and the distance from the road and steep slope in some vegetation types were reduced beekipind suitability. In addition, temperature and distance from water sources were the factors enhancing the competence of the rangeland of this area for beekeeping. Accessibility in upstream botanical types and the lack of acceptable plant and industrial plants in lower types make it possible to limit, combine, and produce exploitable in upstream botanical types as an enhancement factor for the utilization of nectar plants. The low level of palatability and allowed operating limit, poor tendency and status, incorrect use in past years, and the reduction of forage production and grazing are the main reasons for the reduction and the quantity and quality of water resources are factors that increase the competence for animal grazing. According to the result of the market valuation of each type of use, in addition to animal husbandry, the multi-purpose use of the pasture can increase the income from beekeeping and medicinal plants by observing the principles of proper exploitation, and help to economize the customary system. It even reduced the grazing capacity of the pasture in the same proportion.
Methodology: This study was conducted in Lark rangeland (part of Azadbar district) in Asara section of Karaj city in 2019. Azadbar rangelands are located in the northernmost part of Alborz province, 85 km from Karaj city. After determining the plant types, sampling was performed by sampling units (plot) by random-systematic method. In each vegetation type, according to the vegetation of the area, four transects 100 meters perpendicular to each other (two transects parallel to the slope direction and two transects perpendicular to the slope direction) and 10 plots of one square meter were used along each transect. The basis of this research was based on evaluating and identifying the characteristics and potential of plant types. Therefore, in this study, first the plants of the region and their application were identified using valid flora, then the types of use of plants were identified. First, according to the FAO method (1991) and also with the instructions provided to determine the suitability of multi-purpose use (Arzani et al., 2008), the suitability of plant species for grazing, use of medicinal plants and beekeeping and using information systems Necessary maps were prepared at the appropriate geographical scale. Then, through the result of market valuation, the income of each type of use was determined; After determining the suitability of the plant types and taking into account the grazing capacity of the lark rangeland and also interviewing the grazer, first the income from the sale of sheep and dairy products and then the costs related to the maintenance of livestock including the cost of medicine and vaccines, manual fodder and The shepherd was estimated and finally the net profit from livestock grazing was calculated. The annual production of honey and the production of medicinal plants in the studied rangeland, the average annual production of honey and medicinal plants at the level of the region was calculated, and then based on the ratio of bee reliance on the rangeland cover, which was estimated in interviews with the beekeepers of the region and based on their experiences, the amount Honey production was estimated at the level of rangeland in the region. Next, the amount of production of plants with medicinal value based on each type of rangeland in the region was calculated based on the area of each type and its degree of competence.
Results: The final results of the sheep grazing model showed that 86.58% of the rangeland of the studied area are in the S2 class (medium suitability) and 6.5% are in the S3 class (low suitability). The results and merit classes of the types in the beekeeping model show that 14.17% of the total rangeland in the region are in the S1 class (high suitability) and 78.91% are in the S2 class. The results of determining the medicinal plants' suitability indicate that 55.25% of the total rangeland in the region were in the S2 class and 37.83% were in the S3 class. The result of the market valuation of each type of use showed that the income from livestock grazing in the Lark rangeland is 2,300,000,000 Rials, which includes the income from beekeeping (260,000,000 Rials) and medicinal plants (202,000,000 Rials) in compliance with the principles of proper exploitation in A total of 462,000,000 rials can be added to this figure
Conclusion: Reducing the percentage of vegetation composition of medicinal and pollen plants and the distance from the road and steep slope in some vegetation types were reduced beekipind suitability. In addition, temperature and distance from water sources were the factors enhancing the competence of the rangeland of this area for beekeeping. Accessibility in upstream botanical types and the lack of acceptable plant and industrial plants in lower types make it possible to limit, combine, and produce exploitable in upstream botanical types as an enhancement factor for the utilization of nectar plants. The low level of palatability and allowed operating limit, poor tendency and status, incorrect use in past years, and the reduction of forage production and grazing are the main reasons for the reduction and the quantity and quality of water resources are factors that increase the competence for animal grazing. According to the result of the market valuation of each type of use, in addition to animal husbandry, the multi-purpose use of the pasture can increase the income from beekeeping and medicinal plants by observing the principles of proper exploitation, and help to economize the customary system. It even reduced the grazing capacity of the pasture in the same proportion.
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