Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2023)
مرتع 2023, 17(2): 232-246 |
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Mahmoodi A, Gholamipoor Fard K. Comparative Phytochemical Analysis of Shirazi Thyme Medicinal Plant (Zataria multiflora Boiss) in Cultivated and Natural Habitats. مرتع 2023; 17 (2) :232-246
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1176-en.html
URL: http://rangelandsrm.ir/article-1-1176-en.html
Department of Natural Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Darab, Shiraz University, Darab
Abstract: (1310 Views)
Background and Objectives: Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss) is a widely consumed and exported medicinal plant in Iran. It is primarily grown in the central and southern regions of Iran, as well as parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Studies have shown that this plant possesses immunomodulatory, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and disinfectant properties. It is also used in traditional medicine for its antifungal effects and to alleviate pain, treat infectious diseases, and address digestive problems. Due to the high demand, extensive harvesting, and indiscriminate collection from southern pastures, this valuable plant is facing the risk of extinction. Therefore, cultivation efforts are being undertaken. This research aims to compare the quantity and quality of essential oil in ecological and agricultural samples of Shirazi thyme.
Methodology: Flowering branches of the plant were collected from the Marwarid area of Darab city in Fars province. Additionally, a cultivated sample was obtained from the research farm located in the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Darab. Essential oil was extracted using the distillation method with water, and gas chromatography (GC) was used for analysis. The essential oil was obtained by distilling 100 grams of crushed flowering branches using a Celevenger device for 3 hours in the medicinal plants laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Darab. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was employed to identify essential oil compounds.
Results: The relative percentage of each constituent compound in the essential oils was determined based on the area under the curve in the chromatogram spectrum. The comparison of essential oil compositions between agricultural and natural conditions revealed their similarity. In the cultivated sample of Zataria multiflora Boiss, 40 compounds were identified, while the sample collected from the natural habitat contained 32 compounds. The yield of essential oil in the cultivated sample was 1.3%, with the main compounds being linalool (54.33%), carvacrol (24.83%), and thymol (2.48%). The essential oil from the plant sample had a yield of 1.7%, with the major compounds being thymol (51.20%), carvacrol (20.08%), paracimen (7.74%), and gammaterpinene (7.25%). A comparison of the two essential oils indicated that linalool and carvacrol were the predominant compounds in the cultivated sample, while thymol and carvacrol were dominant in the wild sample. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of constituents in the essential oil, followed by hydrocarbon monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with hydrocarbons having a smaller share. The essential oil composition of the cultivated sample showed an increase in carvacrol compared to the wild sample, while the essential oil of the wild sample exhibited a 58% increase in thymol composition compared to the cultivated sample.
Conclusion: Considering the economic importance of Shirazi thyme, the higher content of essential oil in the cultivated sample compared to the wild sample, and the presence of significant carvacrol and linalool compounds in the cultivated sample, it is recommended to prioritize the domestication of this species and its introduction into agricultural and rangeland management systems. Furthermore, the cultivation of this plant should be encouraged in biological restoration projects of rangelands to promote employment and empower rangeland owners.
Methodology: Flowering branches of the plant were collected from the Marwarid area of Darab city in Fars province. Additionally, a cultivated sample was obtained from the research farm located in the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Darab. Essential oil was extracted using the distillation method with water, and gas chromatography (GC) was used for analysis. The essential oil was obtained by distilling 100 grams of crushed flowering branches using a Celevenger device for 3 hours in the medicinal plants laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Darab. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was employed to identify essential oil compounds.
Results: The relative percentage of each constituent compound in the essential oils was determined based on the area under the curve in the chromatogram spectrum. The comparison of essential oil compositions between agricultural and natural conditions revealed their similarity. In the cultivated sample of Zataria multiflora Boiss, 40 compounds were identified, while the sample collected from the natural habitat contained 32 compounds. The yield of essential oil in the cultivated sample was 1.3%, with the main compounds being linalool (54.33%), carvacrol (24.83%), and thymol (2.48%). The essential oil from the plant sample had a yield of 1.7%, with the major compounds being thymol (51.20%), carvacrol (20.08%), paracimen (7.74%), and gammaterpinene (7.25%). A comparison of the two essential oils indicated that linalool and carvacrol were the predominant compounds in the cultivated sample, while thymol and carvacrol were dominant in the wild sample. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of constituents in the essential oil, followed by hydrocarbon monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with hydrocarbons having a smaller share. The essential oil composition of the cultivated sample showed an increase in carvacrol compared to the wild sample, while the essential oil of the wild sample exhibited a 58% increase in thymol composition compared to the cultivated sample.
Conclusion: Considering the economic importance of Shirazi thyme, the higher content of essential oil in the cultivated sample compared to the wild sample, and the presence of significant carvacrol and linalool compounds in the cultivated sample, it is recommended to prioritize the domestication of this species and its introduction into agricultural and rangeland management systems. Furthermore, the cultivation of this plant should be encouraged in biological restoration projects of rangelands to promote employment and empower rangeland owners.
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2022/12/12 | Accepted: 2023/07/4 | Published: 2023/09/1
Received: 2022/12/12 | Accepted: 2023/07/4 | Published: 2023/09/1
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